Managing Risks and Safety of Ships: The Domestic Shipping Experience III

HAZARDS

Error enforcing conditions:

1. Skill based Slips and Lapses – plan of action was satisfactory, but the actions themselves deviated from intention in some unintended way.
a. Slips are from in-attention.
b. Lapses are from failures of memory. Happens when distracted or there is a change on the situation.
2. Mistakes – actions go as planned, but the plan itself is inadequate to achieve the desired goal.
a. Rule based mistake – when we are dealing with familiar problem, but apply the wrong ready-made solution. Caused by mis-applying good rule or solution or apply a bad rule.
b. Knowledge based mistakes – we run out of ready-made solutions, have to think on our feet in a totally new situation, and get it wrong. Thinking an answer or solution out of scratch.
3. Violations – arise from motivational problems
a. Routine violations -taking shortcuts
b. Exceptional violation - rewriting procedure on the fly/rush
c. Acts of sabotage

1. Hazard: Unfamiliarity
Error Type: knowledge based mistake
Controls: Onboard Upgrading Courses, Trainings and Drills

2. Hazard: Inexperience
Error Type: knowledge based mistake
Control: Onboard Upgrading Courses, Trainings and Drills

3. Hazard: Macho culture/Dangerous incentives
Error Type: Slips, Mistakes, violation
Control: Risk Assessment with crew involvement, ISM

4. Hazard: Belief that bad outcome won’t happen
Error Type: Mistakes
Control: Risk Assessment with crew involvement

5. Hazard: Misperception of risk
Error Type: Mistakes
Control: Risk Assessment with crew involvement, ISM

6. Hazard: Poor instructions or procedures
Error Type: Mistakes
Control: ISM, Maintenance Systems and Procedures

7. Hazard: Poor safety culture
Error Type: Violation
Control: ISM, KPI and Reward System

8. Hazard: Inadequate checking
Error Type: Mistakes
Control: KPI, Maintenance Systems and Inspections

9. Hazard: Poor morale
Error Type: Slips, Lapses and Violations
Control: KPI with individual feedback and teamwork reward systems (individual superior performance and group goals to promote interdependent - not competition)

10.Hazard: Little pride in work
Error Type: Violation
Control: KPI with individual feedback and teamwork reward systems (individual superior performance and group goals to promote interdependent - not competition)


RISK ASSOCIATED

Risks Associated with the above hazards are either Injury or Damage to Property. Severe result could be the loss of life, the vessel and pollution to environment.